Down Payments

Traditionally, the biggest obstacle to buying a home with mortgage financing is obtaining the down payment funds.

In the past, mortgage lenders required at least 20% down. Today, Goverment Insurance programs and Private Mortgage Insurance make low down payments possible. In some instances, local and state agencies will provide down payment assistance in the form of a loan or grant.

 

Qualifying For Low Down Payment

Do not assume that you can obtain a low down payment loan. Lower down payment loans may require stricter credit and income requirements for your application file.

To be considered for a low down payment loan, you generally need to have:

  • sufficient income to support the monthly mortgage payment
  • enough cash to cover the down payment
  • sufficient cash to cover normal closing costs and related expenses (explained below)
  • a good credit background that indicates your payment history or "willingness to pay"
  • sufficient appraisal value, which shows the house is at least equal to the purchase price
  • in some instances, a cash reserve equivalent to two monthly mortgage payments

Closing costs, or settlement costs, are paid when the home buyer and the seller meet to exchange the necessary papers for the house to be legally transferred. On the average, closing costs run approximately 2% to 3% of the house price. This percentage may vary, depending on where you live.

 

Low Down Payments Possible

Simply put, mortgage insurance protects the mortgage lender against financial loss if a homeowner stops making mortgage payments. Lenders usually require insurance on low down payment loans for protection in the event that the homeowner fails to make his or her payments. When a homeowner fails to make the mortgage payments, a default occurs and the home goes into foreclosure. Both the homeowner and the mortgage insurer lose in a foreclosure. The homeowner loses the house and all of the money put into it. The mortgage insurer will then have to pay the lender's claim on the defaulted loan.

For this reason, it is crucial that the family buying the home can really afford it -- not only at the time it is purchased, - but throughout the time period of the loan.

Although the cost of the mortgage insurance is paid by the home buyer, or borrower, the mortgage insurer works directly with the lender. Mortgage insurance is available to commercial banks, savings & loans and mortgage bankers, all of whom offer mortgage loans to home buyers.

Remember that mortgage insurance is not the same as credit life insurance, also called mortgage life insurance. This type of policy repays an outstanding mortgage balance upon the death of the person who took out the insurance policy.

 

Down Payment Loans or Gifts

Can I obtain a loan or gift for my down payment?

Yes, but you can not use this strategy for all loan programs. The most popular program for this tactic is the Federal Housing Administration or FHA. FHA allows 100% gift funds for your down payment. The gift can be for any relative or can be collected through new innovative programs, like the Bridal Registry where couples receive money into a account that can be used for the down payment.

Another popular tactic, which can be used in a wider range of programs, is to borrow from your 401K program. If you have a 401K program with your employer, you can withdraw without a penalty for your downpayment and pay it back over a specified period. There are some drawbacks, the payment will be used in qualifying and your 401K account will not continue to grow as fast. Even with these drawbacks, it is often a smart move if this is your only option.

 

Down Payment Assistance

Many local and state agencies run bond programs to generate funds to help individuals and families with a down payment. Contrary to public thinking, these bond issues are not a type of welfare. The government knows that it can be tough to buy that first home, especially on a limited income.

Most agencies are income sensitive, but you may be surprised by the high level of acceptable income. The income level is especially high if you have children or dependents. Most agencies also have purchase limits, but they are adjusted to the income qualifications level.

If you are able to obtain down payment assistance, you may receive a lower interest rate. The drawback is that it often takes quite a bit of work with extra paperwork and mandatory education classes. Our advice, find a realtor or mortgage lender who is familiar with both the local and state agencies and their policies

 

State Housing and Finance Authorities

Maryland

Maryland Department of Housing and Community Development

45 Calvert Street

Annapolis, MD  21401

(301) 974-2176

Virginia

Virginia Housing Development Authority

601 S. Belvedere Street

Richmond, VA  23220

(804) 782-1986

West Virginia

West Virginia Housing Development Fund

814 Virginia Street East

Charleston, WV  25301

(304) 345-6475